竞争失效产品恒应力加速寿命试验优化新方法

对加速寿命试验设计优化的相关知识进行研究分析,确定以竞争失效产品恒应力加速寿命试验为应用背景。在对加速寿命试验统计分析深入研究的基础上,通过分析方案要素、约束条件等建立优化目标函数,提出基于模拟退火算法的优化方法和具体实现思路。最后通过实例验证方法的可行性和实用性。     

装备寿命预测的平行仿真模型在线演化方法

在面向装备剩余寿命预测的平行仿真技术研究基础上,统一了不同退化状态下的状态方程,提出了预测模型形态库的构建方法和预测模型形态选择算法,设计了“模型形态库构建—模型选择—数据同化—模型演化”的模型在线演化工作流程,运用扩展卡尔曼滤波和极大似然估计算法,实现了面向装备剩余寿命预测的平行仿真模型在线动态演化。通过仿真实验验证了模型形态选择算法和模型在线演化工作流程的有效性,取得了较好的仿真效果。     

基于人眼定位算法的驾驶员疲劳检测

研究了一种基于人眼定位的驾驶员疲劳检测方法。采用一种结合眼睛灰度及形状信息的人眼定位方法,进行眼睛准确定位,然后用处于睁开状态的眼睛模板与待测图像中的眼睛模板相匹配,对一定时间间隔内采集的图像进行人眼状态的开闭判定,由此判断驾驶员是否疲劳。实验表明,该方法可快速有效地进行驾驶员疲劳检测。     

大学生闲暇生活及闲暇教育初探

健康的闲暇生活对大学生知识和能力的提升具有重要意义。目前高校大学生闲暇生活质量不高,这直接影响到大学生身心健康、综合素质和全面发展。本文从大学生闲暇生活现状入手,客观分析了闲暇生活存在内容简单、质量不高、层次较低、结构失衡、缺乏目的性和应有的规划等偏差,提出高校必须充分重视闲暇教育,把大学生的闲暇教育纳入教育教学体系,依托学生组织开展丰富多样的闲暇教育活动,提高大学生闲暇生活的质量,促进其全面发展。     

基于多目标参数的液压设备恒定应力加速寿命试验设计

在液压设备恒定应力加速寿命试验中,针对应力的加载方式引起的热冲击和单目标参数带来的分析精度问题,设计了基于多目标参数的液压设备恒定应力加速寿命试验.首先,利用Burr XII型分布建立恒定应力加速寿命试验的数学模型,并以试验产品分位寿命的渐近方差加权和最小为目标,计算出试验最优的低应力水平以及产品在低应力水平和高应力水平上的最佳分配比例;其次,计算出模型参数的置信区间并对模型参数进行敏感性分析;最后,以某液压产品为实例进行分析.结果表明:该试验有助于提高液压产品可靠性分析的精度.     

Witchcraft and African development

Impressive investment and growth figures and commercial write-ups enthusing about ‘Africa rising up’, ‘the continent of the future’, and so on, obscure the poverty, illiteracy, poor health and other hardships afflicting the vast majority of African people. Why has massive so-called development and technical ‘aid’ not created the expected dynamic, autonomous economic progress? A blind eye is delicately being turned to the decisive role of people – more specifically, the cultural element. Notwithstanding good intentions, outsiders seeking to promote development assume that black Africans think and act like they only need more education, training and finance in order to ‘catch up’. Outsiders easily forget that since time immemorial, Africans have developed and cherished worldviews and cultures of their own. While these are by no means immutable and do adapt to changing needs and outside influences, Africans refuse to cast off overnight the heritage that makes them the people they are. This paper examines the impact of witchcraft as an integral feature of traditional culture on African existence, notably community life, religion, politics, the law, and economic practice. It stresses the significance of traditional society's powerful egalitarian impulses as well as its profound conviction that all things – goods, wealth, well-being and life force – are in a strictly limited supply that cannot be increased, but can only be redistributed by force or through magical manipulation. While modern life gradually weakens the influence of witchcraft beliefs – in Europe these flourished well into the 18th century – the exasperation associated with Africa's headlong urbanisation actually bolsters these beliefs.     

某高低机蜗轮磨损寿命计算研究

针对某型火炮高低机蜗轮蜗杆因磨损产生不自锁的现状,通过分析蜗轮表面磨损形貌,采用Archard磨损理论,根据蜗轮蜗杆传动的实际情况,推导出磨损计算公式并结合有限元方法,对蜗轮的磨损寿命进行计算,为预测火炮故障和实现精确化保障打下基础.     

难加工材料3种优化指标的应用特性

采用刀具耐用度、切削里程、材料去除总量对同一组难加工材料进行正交试验,结果表明:采用刀具耐用度作为评价指标进行优化时,其结果往往是对应于最小的切削用量,高的刀具耐用度并不对应于高的切削能力和切削效率,优化结果存在较大的局限性;切削里程和材料去除总量在实际生产中分别代表已加工表面的形成量和总切削量,可以较好地反映切削参数与应用效果之间的关系,作为评价指标时,两者较刀具耐用度的评价更为有效。不同指标的评价结果不同,应用时需根据实际情况进行有针对性的选择。     

发射装药非稳态温度场仿真

弹药在长期贮存过程中,极易受环境温度和湿度的作用,使发射装药出现热分解、裂解、结霜等,严重影响弹药装药的贮存可靠性;在射击试验中,发射药温度也会对弹道性能产生极大的影响。由于不允许对弹药进行破坏性开孔,因此借助Ansys的热分析模块,对发射装药非稳态温度场进行仿真研究,获取发射装药在不同环境条件下的温度场及不同节点的温度变化规律,为弹药的贮存、试验提供一定的参考价值。     

Design of accelerated life testing plans under multiple stresses

Accelerated life testing (ALT) using multiple stresses is commonly used in practice to resemble the operating stresses at normal operating conditions and obtain failure observations in a much shorter time. However, to date, there is little research into the theory of planning ALT for reliability estimation with multiple stresses. ALT with multiple stresses can result in a large number of stress‐level combinations which presents a challenge for implementation. In this article, we propose an approach for the design of ALT plans with multiple stresses and formulate multistress test plans based on different objectives and practical constraints. We develop a simulated annealing algorithm to efficiently determine the testing plan parameters. We demonstrate the proposed method with examples based on an actual test conducted using three stress types. The obtained optimal test plans are compared with those based on fractional factorial design. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 60: 468–478, 2013